Safe Use of a Portable Ladder

There are two types of portable ladders: step ladders, and extension ladders made of wood, fiberglass or aluminum ladders. When selecting a ladder, determine the height of reach needed, the area where you will use the ladder, and the type of task to be performed. Never use an aluminum ladder where it can contact any electrical circuit.

1. When inspecting any ladder you intend to use, always check for damage to the rungs, side rails or feet; damage to the extension locks; and cracks in the wooden rungs or side rails.

2. Here’s how to properly set up an extension ladder:

• The recommended rise is 4-to-1. For example, a 12-foot ladder base should be three feet out from the bottom of the wall or structure.
• To make a ladder stable, set it on a sold base, make sure the angle is correct, and make sure the top is on a stable rest, extending at least three feet above the floor or landing.
• You should also tie off the top to a solid anchor, block the feet so they won't move, and have a erson hold the bottom to stabilize it.  

3. Always maintain three points of contact on an extension ladder:

• That means two hands and one foot or two feet and one hand on the ladder at all times. Three-point contact helps prevent injuries from slips and falls.
• Clean mud, snow and other slippery substances off your shoes before climbing.
• Put both hands firmly on the rungs before stepping onto a ladder and always climb up and down facing the ladder.
• Keep your body between the side rails and don't lean out on either side.
• Don't carry tools, equipment or materials in your hands while climbing. Use a host line and bucket or other container.

4. Remember the hazards and precautions when using step ladders:

• Check for defects or damage before you use it, especially after it has been used somewhere else by other workers, or after it has been left in one place for a long time.
• Keep the area at the base of the step ladder clear. Make sure the spreader arms lock securely in the open position.
• Stand no higher than the second step from the top. Never straddle the space between a step ladder and another point.
• When standing on the ladder, avoid leaning forward, backward, or to either side. Always open the ladder fully before using it.
• Don't use an unopened step ladder as a straight or extension ladder. The feet are not designed for this use.
• Never stand on the stop step, the top, or the pail shelf of a step ladder. 
• When climbing up or down a step ladder, always face the ladder and maintain 3-point conta

5. You might you see additional hazards when using a ladder near corners where people will not see the ladder as they approach, in doorways, in areas where high winds might affect the stability and on slippery floors or on soft ground.

6. Store ladders where they will not become damaged, cause a trip hazard, fall over if vertical or fall off their racks if stored horizontally.